Sur le reste de certaines formules de quadrature

Abstrait

Traduction en anglais du titre

On the Remainder in Certain Quadrature Formulas

Auteur(s)

Tiberiu Popoviciu
Institutul de Calcul

Mots-clés

Pour citer ce travail

T. Popoviciu, Sur le reste de certaines formules de quadrature, Aequationes Math., 2 (1968) no. 1, pp. 128-129 (short communication) (in French)

Sur ce travail

Journal

Aequationes Math.

Publié par

DOI

http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01833507

HTML forme du travail (preprint)

1969 a -Popoviciu- Aeq. Math. - Sur le reste de certaines formules de quadrature - short communicati html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; } *, *::before,*::after { box-sizing: border-box; } body { margin: 0; color: #1E2029; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; } hr { box-sizing: content-box; height: 0; overflow: visible; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; } p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; } ol, ul, dl { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; } ol ol, ul ul, ol ul, ul ol { margin-bottom: 0; } dt { font-weight: 500; } dd { margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0; } blockquote { margin: 0 0 1em; } dfn { font-style: italic; } b, strong { font-weight: bolder; } small { font-size: 80%; } sub, sup { position: relative; font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; } sub { bottom: -0.25em; } sup { top: -0.5em; } a { color: #0B93ff; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s; } a:hover { color: #33aaff; } a:active { color: #0070d9; } a:active, a:hover { text-decoration: none; outline: 0; } a[disabled] { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; } pre, code, kbd, samp { font-size: 1em; } pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; overflow: auto; } figure { margin: 0 0 1em; } img { vertical-align: middle; border-style: none; } svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden; } table { border-collapse: collapse; } caption { padding-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45); text-align: left; caption-side: bottom; } th { text-align: inherit; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"] { direction: ltr; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg { overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg a { fill: blue; stroke: blue; } mjx-assistive-mml { position: absolute !important; top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px !important; border: 0px !important; display: block !important; width: auto !important; overflow: hidden !important; -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; } mjx-assistive-mml[display="block"] { width: 100% !important; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] { display: block; text-align: center; margin: 1em 0; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"][width="full"] { display: flex; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] { text-align: left; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] { text-align: right; } g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g { fill: red; stroke: red; } g[data-mml-node="merror"] > rect[data-background] { fill: yellow; stroke: none; } g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line], svg[data-table] > g > line[data-line] { stroke-width: 70px; fill: none; } g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > rect[data-frame], svg[data-table] > g > rect[data-frame] { stroke-width: 70px; fill: none; } g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dashed, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dashed { stroke-dasharray: 140; } g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dotted, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dotted { stroke-linecap: round; stroke-dasharray: 0,140; } g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > g > svg { overflow: visible; } [jax="SVG"] mjx-tool { display: inline-block; position: relative; width: 0; height: 0; } [jax="SVG"] mjx-tool > mjx-tip { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; } mjx-tool > mjx-tip { display: inline-block; padding: .2em; border: 1px solid #888; font-size: 70%; background-color: #F8F8F8; color: black; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA; } g[data-mml-node="maction"][data-toggle] { cursor: pointer; } mjx-status { display: block; position: fixed; left: 1em; bottom: 1em; min-width: 25%; padding: .2em .4em; border: 1px solid #888; font-size: 90%; background-color: #F8F8F8; color: black; } foreignObject[data-mjx-xml] { font-family: initial; line-height: normal; overflow: visible; } mjx-container[jax="SVG"] path[data-c], mjx-container[jax="SVG"] use[data-c] { stroke-width: 3; } #setText > div { justify-content: inherit; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; } #setText div:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; } #setText > br, #preview-content br { line-height: 1.2; } #preview-content > div { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; } .proof > div, .theorem > div { margin-top: 1rem; } #preview-content table { margin-bottom: 1em; } #setText table { margin-bottom: 1em; } #preview-content .sub-table table, #setText .sub-table table { margin-bottom: 0; } mjx-container { text-indent: 0; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; } .math-inline mjx-container { display: inline-block !important; page-break-inside: avoid; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; line-height: 0; } .math-inline[data-overflow="visible"] mjx-container { overflow: visible; } .math-inline mjx-container mjx-assistive-mml { max-width: 100%; } .math-block { align-items: center; page-break-after: auto; page-break-inside: avoid; margin: 0; display: block; /* mjx-container has block */ } .math-inline { display: inline-flex; /* mjx-container has inline-block. To prevent displacement during use overflow-x: auto;*/ max-width: 100%; } .math-block[data-width="full"] { overflow-x: auto; display: flex; /* mjx-container has flex */ } svg .math-inline { display: initial; max-width: initial; } svg .math-inline mjx-container { max-width: initial; } svg mjx-container { overflow: visible; padding: 0; } svg math-block[data-width="full"] { overflow: visible; } .math-block,.math-inline { --mmd-highlight-color: rgba(0, 147, 255, 0.25); --mmd-highlight-text-color: #1e2029; } .math-block[data-highlight-color] mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg { background-color: var(--mmd-highlight-color); } .math-block[data-highlight-text-color] mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg { color: var(--mmd-highlight-text-color); } .math-inline[data-highlight-color] mjx-container[jax="SVG"] { background-color: var(--mmd-highlight-color); } .math-inline[data-highlight-text-color] mjx-container[jax="SVG"] { color: var(--mmd-highlight-text-color); } .math-block p { flex-shrink: 1; } .math-block mjx-container { margin: 0 !important; } .math-error { background-color: yellow; color: red; } #preview-content img, #setText img { max-width: 100%; } #preview-content blockquote, #setText blockquote { page-break-inside: avoid; color: #666; margin: 0 0 1em 0; padding-left: 3em; border-left: .5em solid #eee; } #preview-content pre, #setText pre { border: none; padding: 0; overflow: auto; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.45; border-radius: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #f8f8fa; } #preview-content pre code, #setText pre code{ padding: 1rem; display: block; overflow-x: auto; line-height: 24px; } .empty { text-align: center; font-size: 18px; padding: 50px 0 !important; } #setText table, #preview-content table { display: table; overflow: auto; max-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; page-break-inside: avoid; } #setText table th, #preview-content table th { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; } #setText table td, #preview-content table td, #setText table th, #preview-content table th { border: 1px solid #dfe2e5; padding: 6px 13px; } #setText table tr, #preview-content table tr { background-color: #fff; border-top: 1px solid #c6cbd1; } #setText table tr:nth-child(2n), #preview-content table tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: #f6f8fa; } #preview-content .main-title, #setText .main-title { text-align: center; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0 auto 1em auto; } #preview-content .author, #setText .author { text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; } #preview-content .author p, #setText .author p { min-width: 30%; max-width: 50%; padding: 0 7px; } #preview-content .author > p > span, #setText .author > p > span { display: block; text-align: center; } #preview-content .section-title, #setText .section-title { margin-top: 1.5em; } #preview-content .abstract, #setText .abstract { text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 1em; } #preview-content .abstract p, #setText .abstract p { margin-bottom: 0; } @media print { #preview { font-size: 10pt!important; } svg { shape-rendering: crispEdges; } .math-block svg, math-inline svg { margin-top: 1px; } #preview-content img, #setText img { display: block; } #preview-content .figure_img img, #setText .figure_img img { display: inline; } .preview-right { word-break: break-word; } #preview-content h1, #setText h1 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h1::after, #setText h1::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } #preview-content h2, #setText h2 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h2::after, #setText h2::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } #preview-content h3, #setText h3 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h3::after, #setText h3::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } #preview-content h4, #setText h4 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h4::after, #setText h4::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } #preview-content h5, #setText h5 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h5::after, #setText h5::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } #preview-content h6, #setText h6 { page-break-inside: avoid; position: relative; border: 2px solid transparent; } #preview-content h6::after, #setText h6::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 100px; margin-bottom: -100px; position: relative; } } #preview-content sup, #setText sup { top: -.5em; position: relative; font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; } #preview-content .text-url, #setText .text-url { color: #0B93ff; cursor: text; pointer-events: none; } #preview-content .text-url a:hover, #setText .text-url a:hover { color: #0B93ff; } mark { background-color: #feffe6; } span[data-underline-type] mark { background: inherit; background-color: #feffe6; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } *[data-has-dotfill] { position: relative; overflow: hidden; } *[data-has-dotfill] .dotfill::after { position: absolute; padding-left: .25ch; content: " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "; text-align: right; } .smiles { text-align: center; } div.svg-container, #setText > div.svg-container { display: flex; justify-content: center; } #preview-content code, #setText code { font-family: Inconsolata; font-size: inherit; display: initial; background: #f8f8fa; } #preview-content .mmd-highlight code, #setText .mmd-highlight code, #preview-content pre.mmd-highlight code, #setText pre.mmd-highlight code { background-color: transparent; } #preview-content pre code, #setText pre code { font-family: 'DM Mono', Inconsolata, monospace; color: #333; font-size: 15px; } .hljs-comment, .hljs-quote { color: #998; font-style: italic; } .hljs-command { color: #005cc5; } .hljs-keyword, .hljs-selector-tag, .hljs-subst { color: #d73a49; font-weight: bold; } .hljs-number, .hljs-literal, .hljs-variable, .hljs-template-variable, .hljs-tag .hljs-attr { color: #005cc5; } .hljs-string, .hljs-doctag { color: #24292e; } .hljs-title, .hljs-section, .hljs-selector-id { color: #6f42c1; font-weight: bold; } .hljs-subst { font-weight: normal; } .hljs-type, .hljs-class .hljs-title { color: #458; font-weight: bold; } .hljs-tag, .hljs-name, .hljs-attribute { color: #000080; font-weight: normal; } .hljs-regexp, .hljs-link { color: #009926; } .hljs-symbol, .hljs-bullet { color: #990073; } .hljs-built_in, .hljs-builtin-name { color: #24292e; } .hljs-meta { color: #999; font-weight: bold; } .hljs-meta-keyword { color: #d73a49; } .hljs-meta-string { color: #032f62; } .hljs-deletion { background: #fdd; } .hljs-addition { background: #dfd; } .hljs-emphasis { font-style: italic; } .hljs-strong { font-weight: bold; } .table_tabular table th, .table_tabular table th { border: none !important; padding: 6px 13px; } .tabular tr, .tabular tr { border-top: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; } .tabular td, .tabular td { border-style: none !important; background-color: #fff; border-color: #000 !important; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.1em 0.5em !important; } .tabular { display: inline-table !important; height: fit-content; } .tabular td > p { margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } .tabular td._empty { height: 1.3em; } .tabular td .f { opacity: 0; } html[data-theme="dark"] .tabular tr, html[data-theme="dark"] .tabular td { background-color: #202226; border-color: #fff !important; } .table_tabular { overflow-x: auto; padding: 0 2px 0.5em 2px; } .figure_img { margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: auto; } ol.enumerate, ul.itemize { padding-inline-start: 40px; } /* It's commented because counter not supporting to change value ol.enumerate.lower-alpha { counter-reset: item ; list-style-type: none !important; } .enumerate.lower-alpha > li { position: relative; } .enumerate.lower-alpha > li:before { content: "("counter(item, lower-alpha)")"; counter-increment: item; position: absolute; left: -47px; width: 47px; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; padding-right: 7px; flex-wrap: nowrap; word-break: keep-all; } */ .itemize > li { position: relative; } .itemize > li > span.li_level, .li_enumerate.not_number > span.li_level { position: absolute; right: 100%; white-space: nowrap; width: max-content;; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; padding-right: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; } .li_enumerate.not_number { position: relative; display: inline-block; list-style-type: none; } #preview { font-family: 'CMU Serif', 'Georgia', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; word-break: break-word; padding: 2.5em; max-width: 800px; margin: auto; box-sizing: content-box; } #preview h1, #preview h2, #preview h3, #preview h4, #preview h5, #preview strong { font-family: 'CMU Serif Bold', 'Georgia', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #preview i, #preview em { font-family: 'CMU Serif Italic', 'Georgia', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .mmd-menu { max-width: 320px; position: absolute; background-color: white; color: black; width: auto; padding: 5px 0px; border: 1px solid #E5E6EB; margin: 0; cursor: default; font: menu; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; z-index: 201; border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -khtml-border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px #808080; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px #808080; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px #808080; -khtml-box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px #808080; } .mmd-menu:focus { outline: none; } .mmd-menu.mmd-menu-sm { max-width: 100vw; padding-bottom: 34px; border-radius: 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0; -moz-border-radius: 0; -khtml-border-radius: 0; } .mmd-menu-item-icon { color: #1e2029; margin-left: auto; align-items: center; display: flex; flex-shrink: 0; display: none; } .mmd-menu-item { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; padding-left: 1.25rem; padding-right: 1.25rem; display: flex; background: transparent; height: 52px; max-height: 52px; } .mmd-menu-item:focus { outline: none; } .mmd-menu-item.active { background-color: #e1e0e5; } .mmd-menu-item.active .mmd-menu-item-icon { display: flex; } .mmd-menu-item-container { overflow: hidden; } .mmd-menu-item-title { color: #1e2029; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; } .mmd-menu-item-value { color: #7d829c; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; } html[data-theme="dark"] .mmd-menu-item-title { color: #ebefe7; } html[data-theme="dark"] .mmd-menu-item.active .mmd-menu-item-title { color: #1e2029; } html[data-theme="dark"] .mmd-menu { background-color: #33363a; } .mmd-context-menu-overlay{ background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.56); } .ClipboardButton { padding: 0; margin: 0.5rem; display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(36, 41, 47); background: rgb(246, 248, 250); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgba(31, 35, 40, 0.15); box-shadow: rgba(31, 35, 40, 0.04) 0 1px 0 0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) 0 1px 0 0 inset; position: relative; } .ClipboardButton:hover { background-color: rgb(243, 244, 246); border-color: rgba(31, 35, 40, 0.15); transition-duration: .1s; } .mmd-clipboard-icon { fill: currentColor; vertical-align: text-bottom; } .mmd-clipboard-copy-icon { color: rgb(101, 109, 118); } .mmd-clipboard-check-icon { color: rgb(26, 127, 55); } .mmd-tooltipped-no-delay:hover::before, .mmd-tooltipped-no-delay:hover::after { animation-delay: 0s; } .mmd-tooltipped:hover::before, .mmd-tooltipped:hover::after { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; animation-name: tooltip-appear; animation-duration: .1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-timing-function: ease-in; animation-delay: .4s; } .mmd-tooltipped-w::before { top: 50%; bottom: 50%; left: -7px; margin-top: -6px; border-left-color: rgb(36, 41, 47); } .mmd-tooltipped::before { position: absolute; z-index: 1000001; display: none; width: 0; height: 0; color: rgb(36, 41, 47); pointer-events: none; content: ""; border: 6px solid transparent; opacity: 0; } .mmd-tooltipped-w::after { right: 100%; bottom: 50%; margin-right: 6px; transform: translateY(50%); } .mmd-tooltipped::after { position: absolute; z-index: 1000000; display: none; padding: 0.5em 0.75em; font: normal normal 11px/1.5 'CMU Serif', 'Georgia', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; pointer-events: none; content: attr(aria-label); background: rgb(36, 41, 47); border-radius: 6px; opacity: 0; }

Sur le reste de certaines formules de quadrature**)

Tiberiu Popoviciu

Le reste R [ f ] R [ f ] R[f]R[f]R[f] de la formule de quadrature
(1) ∫ a b f ( x ) d x = ∑ α = 1 n A α f ( x α ) + R [ f ] (1) ∫ a b   f ( x ) d x = ∑ α = 1 n   A α f x α + R [ f ] {:(1)int_(a)^(b)f(x)dx=sum_(alpha=1)^(n)A_(alpha)f(x_(alpha))+R[f]:}\begin{equation*} \int_{a}^{b} f(x) d x=\sum_{\alpha=1}^{n} A_{\alpha} f\left(x_{\alpha}\right)+R[f] \tag{1} \end{equation*}(1)∫abf(x)dx=∑α=1nAαf(xα)+R[f]
où les noeuds x α x α x_(alpha)x_{\alpha}xα de l'axe réel sont distincts et les A α A α A_(alpha)A_{\alpha}Aα sont des constantes réelles données, est de la forme
(2) R [ f ] = A [ ξ 1 , ξ 2 , … , ξ m + 2 ; f ] + B [ ξ 1 ′ , ξ 2 ′ , … , ξ m + 2 ′ ; f ] (2) R [ f ] = A ξ 1 , ξ 2 , … , ξ m + 2 ; f + B ξ 1 ′ , ξ 2 ′ , … , ξ m + 2 ′ ; f {:(2)R[f]=A[xi_(1),xi_(2),dots,xi_(m+2);f]+B[xi_(1)^('),xi_(2)^('),dots,xi_(m+2)^(');f]:}\begin{equation*} R[f]=A\left[\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}, \ldots, \xi_{m+2} ; f\right]+B\left[\xi_{1}^{\prime}, \xi_{2}^{\prime}, \ldots, \xi_{m+2}^{\prime} ; f\right] \tag{2} \end{equation*}(2)R[f]=A[ξ1,ξ2,…,ξm+2;f]+B[ξ1′,ξ2′,…,ξm+2′;f]
La fonction f f fff est supposée continue, m m mmm est le degré d'exactitude de la formule (1), les points ξ α ξ α xi_(alpha)\xi_{\alpha}ξα d'une part et les points ξ α ′ ξ α ′ xi_(alpha)^(')\xi_{\alpha}^{\prime}ξα′ d'autre part, sont distincts mais dépendent en général de la fonction f f fff. Les constantes A , B A , B A,BA, BA,B sont indépendantes de la fonction f f fff. Enfin [ y 1 , y 2 , … , y r ; f ] y 1 , y 2 , … , y r ; f [y_(1),y_(2),dots,y_(r);f]\left[y_{1}, y_{2}, \ldots, y_{r} ; f\right][y1,y2,…,yr;f] désigne la différence divisée, d'ordre r − 1 r − 1 r-1r-1r−1, de la fonction f f fff sur les noeuds y 1 , y 2 , … , y r y 1 , y 2 , … , y r y_(1),y_(2),dots,y_(r)y_{1}, y_{2}, \ldots, y_{r}y1,y2,…,yr.
Lorsque dans (2) on peut prendre B = 0 B = 0 B=0B=0B=0 le reste R [ f ] R [ f ] R[f]R[f]R[f] (ou la formule de quadrature (1)) est dit de la forme simple. Cette dernière notion est en étroite liaison avec la théorie des fonctions convexes d'ordre supérieur [1].
Dans le présent travail on montre comment, sous des hypothèses bien précisées, dans le cas où le reste n'est pas de la forme simple, on peut rétablir une sorte de simplicité par une généralisation convenable de la notion de différence divisée et de la convexité correspondante.
[1] Popoviciu, Tiberiu, Mathematica 1 (24), 95-142 1959.
1968

Related Posts