The equivalence of Mann and Ishikawa iterations dealing with uniformly pseudocontractive maps without bounded range

Abstract

We prove that Mann and Ishikawa iterations are equivalent models dealing with \(\psi\)-uniformly pseudocontractive or d-weakly contractive maps without bounded range

Authors

Stefan M. Soltuz
Tiberiu Popoviciu Institute of Numerical Analysis

B.E. Rhoades
Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7106, U.S.A

Keywords

\(\psi\)-uniformly pseudocontractive maps; d-weakly contractivemap;~ Mannand Ishikawa iterations

Paper coordinates

B.E. Rhoades, Ş.M. Şoltuz, The equivalence of Mann and Ishikawa iterations dealing with uniformly pseudocontractive maps without bounded range, Tamkang J. Math. 37 (3) (2006).

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Tamkang Journal of Mathematics

Publisher Name

Tamkang University Tamsui,  Taiwan, R.O.C.

Print ISSN

0049-2930

Online ISSN

2073-9826

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Paper (preprint) in HTML form

THE EQUIVALENCE OF MANN AND ISHIKAWA ITERATIONS DEALING WITH 𝝍\boldsymbol{\psi}-UNIFORMLY PSEUDOCONTRACTIVE MAPS WITHOUT BOUNDED RANGE

B. E. RHOADES AND ŞTEFAN M. ŞOLTUZ
Abstract

We prove that Mann and Ishikawa iterations are equivalent models dealing with ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive or d-weakly contractive maps without bounded range.

1. Introduction

In this paper XX denotes a real Banach space with X∗X^{*} strictly convex, T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X a map and let x0,u0∈Xx_{0},u_{0}\in X. We consider the following iteration known as Mann iteration, ([9])

un+1=(1−αn)​un+αn​T​un.u_{n+1}=\left(1-\alpha_{n}\right)u_{n}+\alpha_{n}Tu_{n}. (1.1)

The sequence {αn}⊂(0,1)\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\}\subset(0,1) satisfies limn→∞αn=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\alpha_{n}=0, and ∑n=1∞αn=∞\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}=\infty. We consider the following iteration known as Ishikawa iteration, ([8])

xn+1\displaystyle x_{n+1} =(1−αn)​xn+αn​T​yn,\displaystyle=\left(1-\alpha_{n}\right)x_{n}+\alpha_{n}Ty_{n}, (1.2)
yn\displaystyle y_{n} =(1−βn)​xn+βn​T​xn.\displaystyle=\left(1-\beta_{n}\right)x_{n}+\beta_{n}Tx_{n}.

The sequences {αn}⊂(0,1),{βn}⊂[0,1)\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\}\subset(0,1),\left\{\beta_{n}\right\}\subset[0,1) satisfy

limn→∞αn=limn→∞βn=0,∑n=1∞αn=+∞\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\alpha_{n}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\beta_{n}=0,\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}=+\infty (1.3)

The duality normalized map J:X→2X∗J:X\rightarrow 2^{X^{*}} is given by

J​(x)={f∈X∗:⟨f,x⟩=‖x‖2,‖x‖=‖f‖}J(x)=\left\{f\in X^{*}:\langle f,x\rangle=\|x\|^{2},\|x\|=\|f\|\right\} (1.4)

We have

⟨f,y⟩≤‖f‖​‖y‖,∀y∈X\langle f,y\rangle\leq\|f\|\|y\|,\forall y\in X (1.5)

The following Remark is Proposition 12.3 from [7].

00footnotetext: Received April 14, 2005; revised March 9, 2006.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 47H10.
Key words and phrases. ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive maps, d-weakly contractive map, Mann and Ishikawa iterations.

Remark 1.1.([7]) If XX is a real Banach space with XX * strictly convex then J​(⋅)J(\cdot) is a single map and uniformly continuous on all the bounded sets of XX.

The following result is Lemma 1 from [10].
Lemma 1.2. If XX is a real normed space, then the following relation is true

‖x+y‖2≤‖x‖2+2​⟨y,j​(x+y)⟩,∀x,y∈X,∀j​(x+y)∈J​(x+y).\|x+y\|^{2}\leq\|x\|^{2}+2\langle y,j(x+y)\rangle,\forall x,y\in X,\forall j(x+y)\in J(x+y). (1.6)

The following definitions are from [3], [5] and [6].
Definition 1.3. Let XX be a normed space.
A map T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X is called weakly contractive map if for all x,y∈Xx,y\in X, there exist ψ:[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)\psi:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow[0,+\infty) a continuous and strictly increasing map such that ψ\psi is positive on (0,+∞),ψ​(0)=0(0,+\infty),\psi(0)=0, and the following inequality is satisfied

‖T​x−T​y‖≤‖x−y‖−ψ​(‖x−y‖)\|Tx-Ty\|\leq\|x-y\|-\psi(\|x-y\|) (1.7)

A map T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X is called d-weakly contractive map if for all x,y∈Xx,y\in X, there exist j​(x−y)∈J​(x−y)j(x-y)\in J(x-y) and ψ:[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)\psi:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow[0,+\infty) a continuous and strictly increasing map such that ψ\psi is positive on (0,+∞),ψ​(0)=0(0,+\infty),\psi(0)=0, and the following inequality is satisfied

|⟨T​x−T​y,j​(x−y)⟩|≤‖x−y‖2−ψ​(‖x−y‖)|\langle Tx-Ty,j(x-y)\rangle|\leq\|x-y\|^{2}-\psi(\|x-y\|) (1.8)

A map T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X is called ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive if there exist j​(x−y)∈J​(x−y)j(x-y)\in J(x-y) and ψ:[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)\psi:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow[0,+\infty) a strictly increasing map such that ψ\psi is positive on (0,+∞),ψ​(0)=0(0,+\infty),\psi(0)=0 and the following inequality is satisfied

⟨T​x−T​y,j​(x−y)⟩≤‖x−y‖2−ψ​(‖x−y‖),∀x,y∈B.\langle Tx-Ty,j(x-y)\rangle\leq\|x-y\|^{2}-\psi(\|x-y\|),\forall x,y\in B. (1.9)

A map C:X→XC:X\rightarrow X is called ψ\psi-uniformly accretive if there exist j​(x−y)∈J​(x−y)j(x-y)\in J(x-y) and ψ:[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)\psi:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow[0,+\infty) a strictly increasing map such that ψ\psi is positive on (0,+∞)(0,+\infty), ψ​(0)=0\psi(0)=0 and the following inequality is satisfied

⟨C​x−C​y,j​(x−y)⟩≥ψ​(‖x−y‖),∀x,y∈X.\langle Cx-Cy,j(x-y)\rangle\geq\psi(\|x-y\|),\forall x,y\in X. (1.10)

We denote the identity map by II.
Remark 1.4. (i) If TT is a d-weakly contractive map, then TT is a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive map.
(ii) The map TT is ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive if and only if C:=(I−T)C:=(I-T) is ψ\psi-uniformly accretive.

Proposition 1.5. If TT is a weakly contractive map, then TT is a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive map.

Proof. Let j​(x−y)∈J​(x−y)j(x-y)\in J(x-y). Using (1.5), (1.7) and (1.4) we get

⟨T​x−T​y,j​(x−y)⟩\displaystyle\langle Tx-Ty,j(x-y)\rangle ≤‖T​x−T​y‖​‖j​(x−y)‖\displaystyle\leq\|Tx-Ty\|\|j(x-y)\|
=‖T​x−T​y‖​‖x−y‖≤‖x−y‖2−‖x−y‖​ϕ​(‖x−y‖)\displaystyle=\|Tx-Ty\|\|x-y\|\leq\|x-y\|^{2}-\|x-y\|\phi(\|x-y\|) (1.11)

Denote ψ​(a):=a⋅ϕ​(a),∀a∈[0,∞)\psi(a):=a\cdot\phi(a),\forall a\in[0,\infty) to obtain that ψ\psi is strictly increasing and positive.
The convergence of Mann iteration for a d-weakly contractive map in Hilbert spaces, was studied in [3]. It was shown in [5] that Mann iteration (1.1) for a d-weakly contractive map without a bounded range, converges in a Banach space more general then a Hilbert space. Also, it was shown in [6] that the same iteration for a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive map without a bounded range, converges in a normed space.

If TT is a weakly contractive, then TT is a nonexpansive map. In this case the equivalence between Mann and Ishikawa iterations follows from Theorem 3 of the paper [11].

The above two motivations lead us to prove, in this note, the equivalence between Mann and Ishikawa iterations, (1.1) and (1.2), dealing with ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive maps without bounded range. As a corollary we obtain the convergence of Ishikawa iteration for the above operatorial classes. Also, we give a positive answer to the following conjecture, (see [11], page 452), "If Mann iteration converges, so does Ishikawa iteration".

For a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive (respectively, ψ\psi-uniformly accretive) map, the equivalence between Mann and Ishikawa iterations was shown also in Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 3.1 from [12]. There, in [12], the set T​(X)T(X) was assumed to be bounded. Removing the boundedness of the range, forces us to pay a price: both {αn}\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\} and {βn}\left\{\beta_{n}\right\} will depend on TT and x∗x^{*} ( see condition (2.1)).

Remark 1.6. Let XX be a normed space and T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X a uniformly continuous map. Then I−TI-T is a uniformly continuous map.

The following result is Proposition 2.1.2 from [4].
Proposition 1.7([4]) Let XX be a normed space and T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X be a uniformly continuous map. Then TT is bounded; i.e. it maps any bounded set into a bounded set.

Remark 1.6 and Proposition 1.7 lead to the following result.
Remark 1.8. Let XX be a normed space and T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X a uniformly continuous map. Then I−TI-T is bounded; i.e. it maps any bounded set into a bounded set.

The following result, stated below, is Lemma 3.1 from [1]. In [1], the map ψ\psi is assumed to be continuous in order to obtain an estimate for the convergence rate of the sequence {λn}\left\{\lambda_{n}\right\}. Another proof for the Lemma 3.1 can be found in ([2], pages 12-13). The same lemma, without the continuity assumption on ψ\psi, appears in [6].

Lemma 1.9.([1]) Let {λn}\left\{\lambda_{n}\right\} and {γn}\left\{\gamma_{n}\right\} be sequences of nonnegative numbers and {αn}\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\} a sequence of positive numbers satisfying the conditions ∑n=1∞αn=+∞\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}=+\infty and (γn/αn)→0\left(\gamma_{n}/\alpha_{n}\right)\rightarrow 0
as n→+∞n\rightarrow+\infty. Suppose that

λn+1≤λn−2​αn​ψ​(λn)+γn,\lambda_{n+1}\leq\lambda_{n}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\lambda_{n}\right)+\gamma_{n}, (1.12)

is satisfied, where ψ:[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)\psi:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow[0,+\infty) is a strictly increasing map such that ψ\psi is positive on (0,+∞)(0,+\infty), with ψ​(0)=0\psi(0)=0. Then limn→∞λn=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\lambda_{n}=0.

2. Main Result

Let F​(T)F(T) denote the fixed point set of TT.
Theorem 2.1. Let XX be a real Banach space with X∗X^{*} stricly convex. If T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X is a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive and uniformly continuous map with x∗∈F​(T)x^{*}\in F(T), x0=u0∈Xx_{0}=u_{0}\in X and there exists a constant d0:=d0​(T,x∗)∈(0,1)d_{0}:=d_{0}\left(T,x^{*}\right)\in(0,1), which depends on TT and x∗x^{*}, such that {αn},{βn}\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\},\left\{\beta_{n}\right\} satisfy

αn,βn≤d0,∀n∈ℕ,\alpha_{n},\beta_{n}\leq d_{0},\forall n\in\mathbb{N}, (2.1)

and (1.3), then the following are equivalent:
(i) the Mann iteration (1.1) converges to the x∗∈F​(T)x^{*}\in F(T),
(ii) the Ishikawa iteration (1.2) converges to the same x∗x^{*}.

Proof. The fixed point x∗x^{*} is unique. If not, then there exists at least another fixed point y∗∈F​(T)y^{*}\in F(T), with x∗≠y∗x^{*}\neq y^{*}. Relation (1.9) leads to

⟨T​x∗−T​y∗,J​(x∗−y∗)⟩\displaystyle\left\langle Tx^{*}-Ty^{*},J\left(x^{*}-y^{*}\right)\right\rangle ≤‖x∗−y∗‖2−ψ​(‖x∗−y∗‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|^{2}-\psi\left(\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|\right)
⟨x∗−y∗,J​(x∗−y∗)⟩\displaystyle\left\langle x^{*}-y^{*},J\left(x^{*}-y^{*}\right)\right\rangle ≤‖x∗−y∗‖2−ψ​(‖x∗−y∗‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|^{2}-\psi\left(\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|\right)
‖x∗−y∗‖2\displaystyle\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|^{2} ≤‖x∗−y∗‖2−ψ​(‖x∗−y∗‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|^{2}-\psi\left(\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|\right)
ψ​(‖x∗−y∗‖)\displaystyle\psi\left(\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|\right) ≤0⇒‖x∗−y∗‖=0\displaystyle\leq 0\Rightarrow\left\|x^{*}-y^{*}\right\|=0 (2.2)

The implication (ii) ⇒\Rightarrow (i) is obvious, by setting, in (1.2), βn=0\beta_{n}=0, for all n∈ℕn\in\mathbb{N}. We will prove the implication (i) ⇒\Rightarrow (ii). Suppose that limn→∞un=x∗\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}u_{n}=x^{*}. If

limn→∞‖xn−un‖=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|=0 (2.3)

then

0≤‖x∗−xn‖≤‖un−x∗‖+‖xn−un‖0\leq\left\|x^{*}-x_{n}\right\|\leq\left\|u_{n}-x^{*}\right\|+\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\| (2.4)

and it follows that

limn→∞xn=x∗\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}x_{n}=x^{*} (2.5)

Thus, to complete the proof it suffices to verify relation (2.3).

With A:=(I−T)A:=(I-T) in (1.9), we have

⟨A​x−A​y,J​(x−y)⟩\displaystyle\langle Ax-Ay,J(x-y)\rangle =⟨(x−T​x)−(y−T​y),J​(x−y)⟩\displaystyle=\langle(x-Tx)-(y-Ty),J(x-y)\rangle
=‖x−y‖2−⟨T​x−T​y,J​(x−y)⟩\displaystyle=\|x-y\|^{2}-\langle Tx-Ty,J(x-y)\rangle
≥‖x−y‖2−‖x−y‖2+ψ​(‖x−y‖)\displaystyle\geq\|x-y\|^{2}-\|x-y\|^{2}+\psi(\|x-y\|)
=ψ​(‖x−y‖)\displaystyle=\psi(\|x-y\|) (2.6)

Taking x:=xnx:=x_{n} and y:=uny:=u_{n} in (2.6) we obtain

⟨A​xn−A​un,J​(xn−un)⟩≥ψ​(‖xn−un‖).\left\langle Ax_{n}-Au_{n},J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\rangle\geq\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right). (2.7)

Choose R>0R>0 such that {un:n∈ℕ}⊂BR​(x∗)\left\{u_{n}:n\in\mathbb{N}\right\}\subset B_{R}\left(x^{*}\right) and x0∈B2​R​(x∗)x_{0}\in B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right). Remark 1.8 assures that A​(B2​R​(x∗))A\left(B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right)\right) is bounded. Denote

σ:=diam⁡(A​(B2​R​(x∗)))+R\sigma:=\operatorname{diam}\left(A\left(B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right)\right)\right)+R (2.8)

Since the map J​(⋅)J(\cdot) is uniformly continuous on bounded subsets of XX, with

ε:=ψ​(R2)4​σ>0\varepsilon:=\frac{\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)}{4\sigma}>0 (2.9)

there exists a δ1>0\delta_{1}>0 such that ‖x−y‖≤δ1\|x-y\|\leq\delta_{1} implies ‖J​(x)−J​(y)‖≤ε\|J(x)-J(y)\|\leq\varepsilon.
The map T​(⋅)T(\cdot) is also uniformly continuous. Thus for the same ε\varepsilon, there exits a δ2>0\delta_{2}>0 such that ‖x−y‖≤δ2\|x-y\|\leq\delta_{2} implies ‖T​x−T​y‖≤ε\|Tx-Ty\|\leq\varepsilon.

We shall prove by induction that {xn}\left\{x_{n}\right\} is bounded. We know that 0=‖x0−u0‖≤R0=\left\|x_{0}-u_{0}\right\|\leq R. Suppose that ‖xk−uk‖≤R,∀k∈{1,…,n}\left\|x_{k}-u_{k}\right\|\leq R,\forall k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}. We shall prove that

‖xn+1−un+1‖≤R\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|\leq R (2.10)

Assume that ‖xn−un‖≤R\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\leq R and that

‖xn+1−un+1‖>R\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|>R (2.11)

From ‖xk−uk‖≤R,∀k∈{1,…,n}\left\|x_{k}-u_{k}\right\|\leq R,\forall k\in\{1,\ldots,n\} we know

‖xk−x∗‖≤‖xk−uk‖+‖uk−x∗‖≤2​R,∀k∈{1,…,n}\left\|x_{k}-x^{*}\right\|\leq\left\|x_{k}-u_{k}\right\|+\left\|u_{k}-x^{*}\right\|\leq 2R,\forall k\in\{1,\ldots,n\} (2.12)

From (2.12), we have xn∈B2​R​(x∗)x_{n}\in B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right) and the following inequality satisfied

‖xk‖≤‖xk−x∗‖+‖x∗‖≤2​R+‖x∗‖,∀k∈{1,…,n}\left\|x_{k}\right\|\leq\left\|x_{k}-x^{*}\right\|+\left\|x^{*}\right\|\leq 2R+\left\|x^{*}\right\|,\forall k\in\{1,\ldots,n\} (2.13)

Using⁡diam⁡(A​(B2​R​(x∗)))≤σ\operatorname{Using}\operatorname{diam}\left(A\left(B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right)\right)\right)\leq\sigma and xn∈B2​R​(x∗)x_{n}\in B_{2R}\left(x^{*}\right), (i. e. ‖A​xn‖≤σ\left\|Ax_{n}\right\|\leq\sigma ), we get

‖T​yn−T​xn‖\displaystyle\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\| ≤‖−yn+T​yn+xn−T​xn‖+‖yn−xn‖\displaystyle\leq\left\|-y_{n}+Ty_{n}+x_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|+\left\|y_{n}-x_{n}\right\|
=‖A​yn−A​xn‖+‖yn−xn‖\displaystyle=\left\|Ay_{n}-Ax_{n}\right\|+\left\|y_{n}-x_{n}\right\|
≤‖A​yn‖+‖A​xn‖+‖yn−xn‖\displaystyle\leq\left\|Ay_{n}\right\|+\left\|Ax_{n}\right\|+\left\|y_{n}-x_{n}\right\|
≤S+σ+βn​‖xn−T​xn‖=S+σ+βn​‖A​xn‖\displaystyle\leq S+\sigma+\beta_{n}\left\|x_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|=S+\sigma+\beta_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}\right\|
≤S+σ+βn​σ\displaystyle\leq S+\sigma+\beta_{n}\sigma (2.14)

Such a S>0S>0 exists because

‖yk‖\displaystyle\left\|y_{k}\right\| ≤‖xk‖+βk​‖A​xk‖≤‖xk‖+‖A​xk‖\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{k}\right\|+\beta_{k}\left\|Ax_{k}\right\|\leq\left\|x_{k}\right\|+\left\|Ax_{k}\right\| (2.15)
≤2​R+‖x∗‖+σ,∀k∈{1,…,n}\displaystyle\leq 2R+\left\|x^{*}\right\|+\sigma,\forall k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}

and AA is a bounded map.
For all n∈ℕn\in\mathbb{N}, we have

‖un+1−un‖=αn​‖(I−T)​un‖=αn​‖A​un‖≤αn​σ.\left\|u_{n+1}-u_{n}\right\|=\alpha_{n}\left\|(I-T)u_{n}\right\|=\alpha_{n}\left\|Au_{n}\right\|\leq\alpha_{n}\sigma. (2.16)

Set

δ:=min⁡{δ1,δ2}\delta:=\min\left\{\delta_{1},\delta_{2}\right\} (2.17)

Defining

d0:=min⁡{1,δ,δ2​σ,R2​(4​σ+S)}.d_{0}:=\min\left\{1,\delta,\frac{\delta}{2\sigma},\frac{R}{2(4\sigma+S)}\right\}. (2.18)

it follows that, for all n∈ℕn\in\mathbb{N}, using (2.1) and (2.16), that

αn​(3​σ+S+βn​σ)\displaystyle\alpha_{n}\left(3\sigma+S+\beta_{n}\sigma\right) ≤αn​(4​σ+S)<R2,\displaystyle\leq\alpha_{n}(4\sigma+S)<\frac{R}{2},
βn\displaystyle\beta_{n} <δσ​ and\displaystyle<\frac{\delta}{\sigma}\text{ and }
αn\displaystyle\alpha_{n} <δ2​σ.\displaystyle<\frac{\delta}{2\sigma}. (2.19)

From (1.1) and (1.2),

‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\| =‖(1−αn)​(xn−un)+αn​(T​yn−T​un)‖\displaystyle=\left\|\left(1-\alpha_{n}\right)\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tu_{n}\right)\right\|
=‖xn−un−αn​(A​xn−A​un)+αn​(T​yn−T​xn)‖\displaystyle=\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right)\right\|
≤‖xn−un‖+αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖+αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖.\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|+\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|+\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|. (2.20)

From (2.20), using (2.11), (2.8), (2.14) and the first evaluation from (2.19),

‖xn−un‖\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\| ≥‖xn+1−un+1‖−αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖−αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖\displaystyle\geq\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|-\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|-\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|
≥R−2​αn​σ−αn​(S+σ+βn​σ)\displaystyle\geq R-2\alpha_{n}\sigma-\alpha_{n}\left(S+\sigma+\beta_{n}\sigma\right)
=R−αn​(3​σ+S+βn​σ)≥R−R/2=R/2\displaystyle=R-\alpha_{n}\left(3\sigma+S+\beta_{n}\sigma\right)\geq R-R/2=R/2 (2.21)

Using the induction assumption,

‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\| =‖(1−αn)​(xn−un)+αn​(T​yn−T​un)‖\displaystyle=\left\|\left(1-\alpha_{n}\right)\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tu_{n}\right)\right\|
=‖(xn−un)−αn​(xn−un−T​xn+T​un)+αn​(T​yn−T​xn)‖\displaystyle=\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(x_{n}-u_{n}-Tx_{n}+Tu_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right)\right\|
≤‖xn−un‖+αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖+αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|+\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|+\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|
≤R+2​αn​σ+αn​S+αn​σ+αn​βn​σ=R+αn​S+3​αn​σ+αn​βn​σ\displaystyle\leq R+2\alpha_{n}\sigma+\alpha_{n}S+\alpha_{n}\sigma+\alpha_{n}\beta_{n}\sigma=R+\alpha_{n}S+3\alpha_{n}\sigma+\alpha_{n}\beta_{n}\sigma
<R+R/2≤2​R.\displaystyle<R+R/2\leq 2R. (2.22)

Thus we get

−1≤−‖xn+1−un+1‖2​R.-1\leq-\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{2R}. (2.23)

By setting (1.6),

x\displaystyle x :=(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un),\displaystyle:=\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right),
y\displaystyle y :=αn​(T​yn−T​xn),\displaystyle:=\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right),
x+y\displaystyle x+y =xn+1−un+1,\displaystyle=x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}, (2.24)

we obtain

‖xn+1−un+1‖2\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|^{2} =‖(1−αn)​(xn−un)+αn​(T​yn−T​un)‖2\displaystyle=\left\|\left(1-\alpha_{n}\right)\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tu_{n}\right)\right\|^{2}
=‖(xn−un)−αn​(xn−un)+αn​(T​xn−T​un)+αn​(T​yn−T​xn)‖2\displaystyle=\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Tx_{n}-Tu_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right)\right\|^{2}
=‖(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un)+αn​(T​yn−T​xn)‖2\displaystyle=\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)+\alpha_{n}\left(Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right)\right\|^{2}
≤‖(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un)‖2+2​αn​⟨T​yn−T​xn,J​(xn+1−un+1)⟩.\displaystyle\leq\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right\|^{2}+2\alpha_{n}\left\langle Ty_{n}-Tx_{n},J\left(x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right)\right\rangle. (2.25)

We again apply (1.6) with

x\displaystyle x :=xn−un,\displaystyle:=x_{n}-u_{n},
y\displaystyle y :=−αn​(A​xn−A​un),\displaystyle:=-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right),
x+y\displaystyle x+y =(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un),\displaystyle=\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right), (2.26)

to obtain,

‖(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un)‖2\displaystyle\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right\|^{2}
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​⟨A​xn−A​un,J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))⟩\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\left\langle Ax_{n}-Au_{n},J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)\right\rangle
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​⟨A​xn−A​un,J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)⟩\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\left\langle Ax_{n}-Au_{n},J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\rangle
−2​αn​⟨A​xn−A​un,J​(xn−un)⟩\displaystyle-2\alpha_{n}\left\langle Ax_{n}-Au_{n},J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\rangle
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(‖xn−un‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right)
+2​αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖×‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖.\displaystyle\quad+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|\times\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|. (2.27)

Substituting (2.27) into (2.25) and using (2.21) we have

‖xn+1−un+1‖2\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|^{2}
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(‖xn−un‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right)
+2​αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖×‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|\times\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|
+2​αn​⟨T​yn−T​xn,J​(xn+1−un+1)⟩\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\langle Ty_{n}-Tx_{n},J\left(x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right)\right\rangle
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(‖xn−un‖)\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right)
+2​αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖×‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|\times\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|
+2​αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(R2)\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)
+2​αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖×‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|\times\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|
+2​αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(R2)+4​αn​σ​τn+2​αn​ζn​‖xn+1−un+1‖.\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)+4\alpha_{n}\sigma\tau_{n}+2\alpha_{n}\zeta_{n}\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|. (2.28)

Setting

τn:=‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\tau_{n}:=\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\| (2.29)

and

ζn:=‖T​yn−T​xn‖,\zeta_{n}:=\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|, (2.30)

and using (2.8) and (2.23),

‖xn+1−un+1‖2\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|^{2}
≤‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖2​R+4​αn​σ​τn+2​αn​ζn​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle\leq\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{2R}+4\alpha_{n}\sigma\tau_{n}+2\alpha_{n}\zeta_{n}\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\| (2.31)

Using (2.14) and (2.19) we obtain

‖(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un)−(xn−un)‖\displaystyle\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)-\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\| (2.32)
=‖αn​(A​xn−A​un)‖≤2​αn​σ<δ.\displaystyle=\left\|\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right\|\leq 2\alpha_{n}\sigma<\delta.

From the uniform continuity of J​(⋅)J(\cdot),

τn≤ε.\tau_{n}\leq\varepsilon. (2.33)

Relation (2.19) leads to

‖yn−xn‖=‖−βn​xn+βn​T​xn‖=βn​‖A​xn‖≤βn​σ<δ\left\|y_{n}-x_{n}\right\|=\left\|-\beta_{n}x_{n}+\beta_{n}Tx_{n}\right\|=\beta_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}\right\|\leq\beta_{n}\sigma<\delta (2.34)

Since TT is uniformly continuous,

ζn<ε\zeta_{n}<\varepsilon (2.35)

Substituting (2.33), (2.35) (with ε\varepsilon given by (2.9)), and (2.23) in (2.31) we obtain

‖xn+1−un+1‖2\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|^{2}
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖2​R+4​αn​σ​ψ​(R2)4​σ+2​αn​ζn​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{2R}+4\alpha_{n}\sigma\frac{\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)}{4\sigma}+2\alpha_{n}\zeta_{n}\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖R+αn​ψ​(R2)+12​αn​ψ​(R2)σ​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{R}+\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\alpha_{n}\frac{\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)}{\sigma}\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖R+αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖2​R+\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{R}+\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{2R}+
+12​αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖σ\displaystyle+\frac{1}{2}\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{\sigma}
=\displaystyle= ‖xn−un‖2−αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖R+12​αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖R+\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{R}+\frac{1}{2}\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{R}+
+12​αn​ψ​(R2)​‖xn+1−un+1‖R\displaystyle+\frac{1}{2}\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)\frac{\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|}{R}
=\displaystyle= ‖xn−un‖2≤R2.\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}\leq R^{2}. (2.36)

Relation (2.36) is in contradiction with ‖xn+1−un+1‖>R\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|>R.
Thus there exists an R>0R>0 such that

‖xn−un‖≤R,∀n∈ℕ\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\leq R,\forall n\in\mathbb{N} (2.37)

Relations (2.28) and (2.37) lead to

‖xn+1−un+1‖2≤\displaystyle\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|^{2}\leq ‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(‖xn−un‖)\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right)
+2​αn​‖A​xn−A​un‖×‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right\|\times\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|
+2​αn​‖T​yn−T​xn‖​‖xn+1−un+1‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|\left\|x_{n+1}-u_{n+1}\right\|
≤\displaystyle\leq ‖xn−un‖2−2​αn​ψ​(‖xn−un‖)\displaystyle\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}-2\alpha_{n}\psi\left(\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|\right)
+4​αn​σ​‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖\displaystyle+4\alpha_{n}\sigma\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|
+2​αn​R​‖T​yn−T​xn‖\displaystyle+2\alpha_{n}R\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\| (2.38)

Recalling that limn→∞‖un−x∗‖=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|u_{n}-x^{*}\right\|=0, then limn→∞‖un+1−un‖=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|u_{n+1}-u_{n}\right\|=0, and using (2.32) one obtains using (1.3),

‖(xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un)−(xn−un)‖\displaystyle\left\|\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)-\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\| (2.39)
=‖αn​(A​xn−A​un)‖≤2​αn​σ→0​ as ​n→∞.\displaystyle=\left\|\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right\|\leq 2\alpha_{n}\sigma\rightarrow 0\text{ as }n\rightarrow\infty.

The uniformly continuity of J​(⋅)J(\cdot) implies that

limn→∞‖J​((xn−un)−αn​(A​xn−A​un))−J​(xn−un)‖=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|=0 (2.40)

Also, from (2.34) and (1.3), we have

‖yn−xn‖\displaystyle\left\|y_{n}-x_{n}\right\| =‖−βn​xn+βn​T​xn‖\displaystyle=\left\|-\beta_{n}x_{n}+\beta_{n}Tx_{n}\right\| (2.41)
=βn​‖A​xn‖≤βn​σ→0, as ​n→∞.\displaystyle=\beta_{n}\left\|Ax_{n}\right\|\leq\beta_{n}\sigma\rightarrow 0,\text{ as }n\rightarrow\infty.

The uniformly continuity of T​(⋅)T(\cdot) leads to

limn→∞‖T​yn−T​xn‖=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|=0 (2.42)

Relations (2.38), (2.40) and (2.42) with

λn\displaystyle\lambda_{n} :=‖xn−un‖2\displaystyle:=\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2} (2.43)
γn\displaystyle\gamma_{n} :=αn(4σ∥J((xn−un)−αn(Axn−Aun))−J(xn−un)∥\displaystyle:=\alpha_{n}\left(4\sigma\left\|J\left(\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)-\alpha_{n}\left(Ax_{n}-Au_{n}\right)\right)-J\left(x_{n}-u_{n}\right)\right\|\right.
+2R∥Tyn−Txn∥)\displaystyle\left.+2R\left\|Ty_{n}-Tx_{n}\right\|\right)

lead to (1.12). Using now Lemma 1.9 one obtains limn→∞‖xn−un‖2=0\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left\|x_{n}-u_{n}\right\|^{2}=0.
Using Remark 1.4 (i), Proposition 1.5, and Theorem 2.1 one obtains the following corollary.

Corollary 2.2. Let XX be a real Banach space with X′X^{\prime} strictly convex. If T:X→XT:X\rightarrow X is a dd-weakly contractive (respectively weakly contractive) and uniformly continuous map with x∗∈F​(T),x0=u0∈Xx^{*}\in F(T),x_{0}=u_{0}\in X and there exists a constant d0=d0​(T,x∗)∈(0,1)d_{0}=d_{0}\left(T,x^{*}\right)\in(0,1), which depends on TT and x∗x^{*}, such that {αn},{βn}\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\},\left\{\beta_{n}\right\} satisfy αn,βn≤d0,∀n∈ℕ\alpha_{n},\beta_{n}\leq d_{0},\forall n\in\mathbb{N} and (1.3), then the following are equivalent:
(i) the Mann iteration (1.1) converges to the x∗∈F​(T)x^{*}\in F(T),
(ii) the Ishikawa iteration (1.2) converges to the same x∗x^{*}.

Let CC be a ψ\psi-uniformly accretive map. Suppose the equation C​x=fCx=f has a solution for a given ff. Remark 1.4 (ii) ensures that

T​x:=f+x−C​x,∀x∈X,Tx:=f+x-Cx,\forall x\in X, (2.44)

is a ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive map. A fixed point for TT is a solution for C​x=fCx=f and conversely.

Theorem 2.1 also implies the following corollary.
Corollary 2.3. Let XX be a real Banach space with X′X^{\prime} strictly convex. If C:X→XC:X\rightarrow X is a ψ\psi-uniformly accretive and uniformly continuous map with x∗∈F​(T),x0=u0∈Xx^{*}\in F(T),x_{0}=u_{0}\in X and there exists a constant d0=d0​(T,x∗)∈(0,1)d_{0}=d_{0}\left(T,x^{*}\right)\in(0,1), which depends on TT and x∗x^{*}, such that {αn},{βn}\left\{\alpha_{n}\right\},\left\{\beta_{n}\right\} satisfy αn,βn≤d0,∀n∈ℕ\alpha_{n},\beta_{n}\leq d_{0},\forall n\in\mathbb{N} and (1.3), then the following are equivalent:
(i) the Mann iteration (1.1), with TT given by (2.44), converges to the solution of C​x=fCx=f,
(ii) the Ishikawa iteration (1.2), with TT given by (2.44), converges to the solution of C​x=fCx=f.

References

[1] Ya. I. Alber and S. Reich, An iterative method for solving a class of nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces, Panamer. Math. J. 4(1994), 39-54.
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[4] M. S. Berger, Nonlinearity and Functional Analysis, Academic Press, New York, 1977, page 65.
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[6] C. E. Chidume and H. Zegeye, Approximation methods for nonlinear operator equations, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131(2003), 2467-2478.
[7] K. Deimling, Nonlinear Functional Analysis, Springer-Verlag, 1985, page 115.
[8] S. Ishikawa, Fixed points by a new iteration method, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (1974), 147-150.
[9] W. R. Mann, Mean value in iteration, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 4(1953), 506-510.
[10] C. Morales and J. S. Jung, Convergence of paths for pseudocontractive mappings in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 128(2000), 3411-3419.
[11] B. E. Rhoades and Ş. M. Şoltuz, On the equivalence of Mann and Ishikawa iteration methods, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 2003(7), 451-459.
[12] B. E. Rhoades and Ş. M. Şoltuz, The equivalence of Mann and Ishikawa iteration for ψ\psi-uniformly pseudocontractive or ψ\psi-uniformly accretive maps, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 46(2004), 2443-2452.

Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7106, U.S.A.
E-mail: rhoades@indiana.edu
Str. Avram Iancu 13, Ap. 1, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
E-mail: soltuzul@yahoo.com smsoltuz@gmail.com

2006

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