Reducerea unei forme biliniare la o formă canonică

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Dumitru V. Ionescu

Institutul de Calcul

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D.V. Ionescu, Reducerea unei forme biliniare la o formă canonică. (Romanian) Stud. Cerc. Mat. (Cluj) 10 1959 45–49.
[Reduction of a bilinear form to a canonical form]

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Studii şi cercetări matematice

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Academia Republicii S.R.

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MR0130264

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REDUCEREA UNEI FORME BILINEARE LA O FORMĂ CANONICĂ

DED. V. IONESCU

Într-o notă din Buletinul Academiei poloneze de Științe, din 1957, M. A1tman [1] a dat o generalizare a metodei lui Jacobi pentru forme bilineare. Ne permitem să arătăm că am prezentat la prima sesiune știinţifică a Societății de științe matematice și fizice din R.P.R., în 1955 [2], o lucrare care conține ca un caz particular reducerea unei forme bilineare la o formă canonică. În această notă dăm o altă metodă pentru obținerea formei canonice.
Să considerăm forma bilineară
(1) Φ = ∑ i , n = 1 n a i , k x i y k (1) Φ = ∑ i , n = 1 n   a i , k x i y k {:(1)Phi=sum_(i,n=1)^(n)a_(i,k)x_(i)y_(k):}(1)Φ=∑i,n=1nai,kxiyk
şi fie
(2) X k = ∑ j = 1 n a j , k x j , Y i = ∑ j = 1 n a i , j y j (2) X k = ∑ j = 1 n   a j , k x j , Y i = ∑ j = 1 n   a i , j y j {:(2)X_(k)=sum_(j=1)^(n)a_(j,k)x_(j)","quadY_(i)=sum_(j=1)^(n)a_(i,j)y_(j):}(2)Xk=∑j=1naj,kxj,Yi=∑j=1nai,jyj
unde i , k = 1 , 2 , … , n i , k = 1 , 2 , … , n i,k=1,2,dots,ni,k=1,2,…,n.
Fie r r rr rangul matricei ‖ a i k ‖ 1 n ‖ a i k ‖ 1 n ||a_(ik)||_(1)^(n)‖aik‖1n şi să presupunem că notațiile au fost astfel alese, încît determinanții
(3) Δ h = | a 11 … a 1 h ⋅ … ⋅ a h 1 … a h h | (3) Δ h = | a 11 … a 1 h ⋅ … ⋅ a h 1 … a h h | {:(3)Delta_(h)=|{:[a_(11),dots,a_(1h)],[*,dots,*],[a_(h1),dots,a_(hh)]:}|:}(3)Δh=|a11…a1h⋅…⋅ah1…ahh|
să nu fie nuli, ceea ce este totdeauna posibil, unde h = 1 , 2 , … , r h = 1 , 2 , … , r h=1,2,dots,rh=1,2,…,r.
În acest caz se demonstrează că
(4) Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 … a 1 r Y 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a r 1 … a r r Y r X 1 … X r 0 (4) Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 … a 1 r Y 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a r 1 … a r r Y r X 1 … X r 0 {:(4)Phi=(-1)/(Delta_(r))|{:[a_(11),dots,a_(1r),Y_(1)],[*,,*,*],[*,,*,*],[a_(r1),dots,a_(rr),Y_(r)],[X_(1),dots,X_(r),0]:}:}(4)Φ=−1Δr|a11…a1rY1⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ar1…arrYrX1…Xr0
Aplicînd algoritmul lui Gauss (vezi [3]) pentru a rezolva ecuațiile lineare (2) în y k y k y_(k)yk şi x i x i x_(i)xi, aceste ecuații se pot scrie sub forma
a 11 y 1 + a 12 y 2 + … + a 1 n y n = Y 1 a 22 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a 2 n ( 1 ) y n = Y 2 ( 1 ) a n 2 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a n n ( 1 ) y n = Y n ( 1 ) a 11 x 1 + a 21 x 2 + … + a n 1 x n = X 1 a 22 ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n 2 ( 1 ) x n = X 2 ( 1 ) a 2 n ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n n ( 1 ) x n = X n ( 1 ) a 11 y 1 + a 12 y 2 + … + a 1 n y n = Y 1 a 22 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a 2 n ( 1 ) y n = Y 2 ( 1 ) a n 2 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a n n ( 1 ) y n = Y n ( 1 ) a 11 x 1 + a 21 x 2 + … + a n 1 x n = X 1 a 22 ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n 2 ( 1 ) x n = X 2 ( 1 ) a 2 n ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n n ( 1 ) x n = X n ( 1 ) {:[a_(11)y_(1)+a_(12)y_(2)+dots+a_(1n)y_(n)=Y_(1)],[a_(22)^((1))y_(2)+dots+a_(2n)^((1))y_(n)=Y_(2)^((1))],[a_(n2)^((1))y_(2)+dots+a_(nn)^((1))y_(n)=Y_(n)^((1))],[a_(11)x_(1)+a_(21)x_(2)+dots+a_(n1)x_(n)=X_(1)],[a_(22)^((1))x_(2)+dots+a_(n2)^((1))x_(n)=X_(2)^((1))],[a_(2n)^((1))x_(2)+dots+a_(nn)^((1))x_(n)=X_(n)^((1))]:}a11y1+a12y2+…+a1nyn=Y1a22(1)y2+…+a2n(1)yn=Y2(1)an2(1)y2+…+ann(1)yn=Yn(1)a11x1+a21x2+…+an1xn=X1a22(1)x2+…+an2(1)xn=X2(1)a2n(1)x2+…+ann(1)xn=Xn(1)
şi
a i k ( 1 ) = | a 11 a 1 k a i 1 a 1 k | Δ 1 , X k ( 1 ) = | a 11 a 1 k X 1 X k | Δ 1 , Y i ( 1 ) = | a 11 Y 1 a i 1 Y i | Δ 1 a i k ( 1 ) = | a 11 a 1 k a i 1 a 1 k | Δ 1 , X k ( 1 ) = | a 11 a 1 k X 1 X k | Δ 1 , Y i ( 1 ) = | a 11 Y 1 a i 1 Y i | Δ 1 a_(ik)^((1))=((|{:[a_(11)a_(1k)],[a_(i1)a_(1k)]:}|))/(Delta_(1)),quadX_(k)^((1))=((|{:[a_(11)a_(1k)],[X_(1)X_(k)]:}|))/(Delta_(1)),quadY_(i)^((1))=((|{:[a_(11)Y_(1)],[a_(i1)Y_(i)]:}|))/(Delta_(1))aik(1)=|a11a1kai1a1k|Δ1,Xk(1)=|a11a1kX1Xk|Δ1,Yi(1)=|a11Y1ai1Yi|Δ1
unde
Se demonstrează atunci că
Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 0 … 0 Y 1 0 a 22 ( 1 ) … a 2 r ( 1 ) Y 2 ( 1 ) ⋅ ⋅ … ⋅ ⋅ 0 a r 2 ( 1 ) … a r r ( 1 ) Y r ( 1 ) X 1 X 2 ( 1 ) … X r ( 1 ) 0 | Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 0 … 0 Y 1 0 a 22 ( 1 ) … a 2 r ( 1 ) Y 2 ( 1 ) ⋅ ⋅ … ⋅ ⋅ 0 a r 2 ( 1 ) … a r r ( 1 ) Y r ( 1 ) X 1 X 2 ( 1 ) … X r ( 1 ) 0 | Phi=(-1)/(Delta_(r))|{:[a_(11),0,dots,0,Y_(1)],[0,a_(22)^((1)),dots,a_(2r)^((1)),Y_(2)^((1))],[*,*,dots,*,*],[0,a_(r2)^((1)),dots,a_(rr)^((1)),Y_(r)^((1))],[X_(1),X_(2)^((1)),dots,X_(r)^((1)),0]:}|Φ=−1Δr|a110…0Y10a22(1)…a2r(1)Y2(1)⋅⋅…⋅⋅0ar2(1)…arr(1)Yr(1)X1X2(1)…Xr(1)0|
Continuînd algoritmul lui Gauss, se ajunge la identitatea
Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 0 0 … 0 Y 1 0 a 22 ( 1 ) 0 … 0 Y 2 ( 1 ) 0 0 a 33 ( 2 ) … 0 Y 3 ( 2 ) … … … … … . | Φ = − 1 Δ r | a 11 0 0 … 0 Y 1 0 a 22 ( 1 ) 0 … 0 Y 2 ( 1 ) 0 0 a 33 ( 2 ) … 0 Y 3 ( 2 ) … … … … … . | Phi=(-1)/(Delta_(r))|{:[a_(11),0,0,dots,0,Y_(1)],[0,a_(22)^((1)),0,dots,0,Y_(2)^((1))],[0,0,a_(33)^((2)),dots,0,Y_(3)^((2))],[dots,dots,dots,dots,dots,.]:}|Φ=−1Δr|a1100…0Y10a22(1)0…0Y2(1)00a33(2)…0Y3(2)…………….|
unde Y h ( h − 1 ) Y h ( h − 1 ) Y_(h)^((h-1))Yh(h−1) şi X h ( h − 1 ) X h ( h − 1 ) X_(h)^((h-1))Xh(h−1) sînt membrii ai doilea ai ecuaţiilor lineare
a 11 y 1 + a 12 y 2 + … + a 1 n y n = Y 1 a 22 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a 2 n ( 1 ) y n = Y 2 ( 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) y r + … + a r n ( r − 1 ) y n = Y r ( r − 1 ) a 11 x 1 + a 21 x 2 + … + a n 1 x n = X 1 a 22 ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n 2 ( 1 ) x n = X 2 ( 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) x r + … + a n r ( r − 1 ) x n = X r ( r − 1 ) a 11 y 1 + a 12 y 2 + … + a 1 n y n = Y 1 a 22 ( 1 ) y 2 + … + a 2 n ( 1 ) y n = Y 2 ( 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) y r + … + a r n ( r − 1 ) y n = Y r ( r − 1 ) a 11 x 1 + a 21 x 2 + … + a n 1 x n = X 1 a 22 ( 1 ) x 2 + … + a n 2 ( 1 ) x n = X 2 ( 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) x r + … + a n r ( r − 1 ) x n = X r ( r − 1 ) {:[a_(11)y_(1)+a_(12)y_(2)+dots+a_(1n)y_(n)=Y_(1)],[a_(22)^((1))y_(2)+dots+a_(2n)^((1))y_(n)=Y_(2)^((1))],[a_(rr)^((r-1))y_(r)+dots+a_(rn)^((r-1))y_(n)=Y_(r)^((r-1))],[a_(11)x_(1)+a_(21)x_(2)+dots+a_(n1)x_(n)=X_(1)],[a_(22)^((1))x_(2)+dots+a_(n2)^((1))x_(n)=X_(2)^((1))],[a_(rr)^((r-1))x_(r)+dots+a_(nr)^((r-1))x_(n)=X_(r)^((r-1))]:}a11y1+a12y2+…+a1nyn=Y1a22(1)y2+…+a2n(1)yn=Y2(1)arr(r−1)yr+…+arn(r−1)yn=Yr(r−1)a11x1+a21x2+…+an1xn=X1a22(1)x2+…+an2(1)xn=X2(1)arr(r−1)xr+…+anr(r−1)xn=Xr(r−1)
şi
ul lui Gauss.
obținute prin algoritmul lui Gauss.
Se demonstrează că
(6) X k ( k − 1 ) = P k ( x ) Δ k , Y i ( i − 1 ) = Q i ( x ) Δ i , a h h ( h − 1 ) = Δ h Δ h − 1 (6) X k ( k − 1 ) = P k ( x ) Δ k , Y i ( i − 1 ) = Q i ( x ) Δ i , a h h ( h − 1 ) = Δ h Δ h − 1 {:(6)X_(k)^((k-1))=(P_(k)(x))/(Delta_(k))","quadY_(i)^((i-1))=(Q_(i)(x))/(Delta_(i))","quada_(hh)^((h-1))=(Delta_(h))/(Delta_(h-1)):}(6)Xk(k−1)=Pk(x)Δk,Yi(i−1)=Qi(x)Δi,ahh(h−1)=ΔhΔh−1
unde
(7) P k ( x ) = | a 11 … a 1 k ⋅ … ⋅ a k − 1 , 1 … a k − 1 , k X 1 … X k | , Q i ( y ) = | a 11 … a 1 , i − 1 Y 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a i 1 … a i , i − 1 Y i | (7) P k ( x ) = | a 11 … a 1 k ⋅ … ⋅ a k − 1 , 1 … a k − 1 , k X 1 … X k | , Q i ( y ) = | a 11 … a 1 , i − 1 Y 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a i 1 … a i , i − 1 Y i | {:(7)P_(k)(x)=|{:[a_(11),dots,a_(1k)],[*,dots,*],[a_(k-1,1),dots,a_(k-1,k)],[X_(1),dots,X_(k)]:}|","quadQ_(i)(y)=|{:[a_(11),dots,a_(1,i-1)Y_(1)],[*,,*],[*,,*],[a_(i1),dots,a_(i,i-1)Y_(i)]:}|:}(7)Pk(x)=|a11…a1k⋅…⋅ak−1,1…ak−1,kX1…Xk|,Qi(y)=|a11…a1,i−1Y1⋅⋅⋅⋅ai1…ai,i−1Yi|
Dezvoltînd determinantul din identitatea (5), se obţine forma canonică a formei bilineare (1)
Φ = X 1 Y 1 a 11 + X 2 ( 1 ) Y 2 ( 1 ) a 22 ( 1 ) + … + X r ( r − 1 ) Y r ( r − 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) Φ = X 1 Y 1 a 11 + X 2 ( 1 ) Y 2 ( 1 ) a 22 ( 1 ) + … + X r ( r − 1 ) Y r ( r − 1 ) a r r ( r − 1 ) Phi=(X_(1)Y_(1))/(a_(11))+(X_(2)^((1))Y_(2)^((1)))/(a_(22)^((1)))+dots+(X_(r)^((r-1))Y_(r)^((r-1)))/(a_(rr)^((r-1)))Φ=X1Y1a11+X2(1)Y2(1)a22(1)+…+Xr(r−1)Yr(r−1)arr(r−1)
care cu ajutorul formulelor (6) şi (7) se scrie sub forma definitivă
(8) Φ = P 1 ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + P 2 ( x ) Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + P r ( x ) Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r . (8) Φ = P 1 ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + P 2 ( x ) Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + P r ( x ) Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r . {:(8)Phi=(P_(1)(x)Q_(1)(y))/(Delta_(0)Delta_(1))+(P_(2)(x)Q_(2)(y))/(Delta_(1)Delta_(2))+dots+(P_(r)(x)Q_(r)(y))/(Delta_(r-1)Delta_(r)).:}(8)Φ=P1(x)Q1(y)Δ0Δ1+P2(x)Q2(y)Δ1Δ2+…+Pr(x)Qr(y)Δr−1Δr.
Se vede uşor că P k ( x ) P k ( x ) P_(k)(x)Pk(x) nu depinde de x 1 , x 2 , … , x k − 1 x 1 , x 2 , … , x k − 1 x_(1),x_(2),dots,x_(k-1)x1,x2,…,xk−1, că Q i ( y ) Q i ( y ) Q_(i)(y)Qi(y) nu depinde de y 1 , y 2 , … , y i − 1 y 1 , y 2 , … , y i − 1 y_(1),y_(2),dots,y_(i-1)y1,y2,…,yi−1 şi că
D ( P 1 , … , P r ) D ( x 1 , … , x r ) = D ( Q 1 , … , Q r ) D ( y 1 , … , y r ) = Δ 1 Δ 2 … Δ r ≠ 0 , D ( P 1 , … , P r ) D ( x 1 , … , x r ) = D ( Q 1 , … , Q r ) D ( y 1 , … , y r ) = Δ 1 Δ 2 … Δ r ≠ 0 , (D((P_(1),dots,P_(r))))/(D((x_(1),dots,x_(r))))=(D((Q_(1),dots,Q_(r))))/(D((y_(1),dots,y_(r))))=Delta_(1)Delta_(2)dotsDelta_(r)!=0,D(P1,…,Pr)D(x1,…,xr)=D(Q1,…,Qr)D(y1,…,yr)=Δ1Δ2…Δr≠0,
ceea ce dovedeşte că formele lineare P k ( x ) P k ( x ) P_(k)(x)Pk(x) şi Q i ( y ) Q i ( y ) Q_(i)(y)Qi(y) sînt linear independente.
Cînd forma bilineară (1) este simetrică, adică a i k = a k i a i k = a k i a_(ik)=a_(ki)aik=aki, avem P i ( x ) = Q i ( x ) P i ( x ) = Q i ( x ) P_(i)(x)=Q_(i)(x)Pi(x)=Qi(x) şi formula (8) devine
(9) Φ = Q 1 ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 ( x ) Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r ( x ) Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r . (9) Φ = Q 1 ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 ( x ) Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r ( x ) Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r . {:(9)Phi=(Q_(1)(x)Q_(1)(y))/(Delta_(0)Delta_(1))+(Q_(2)(x)Q_(2)(y))/(Delta_(1)Delta_(2))+dots+(Q_(r)(x)Q_(r)(y))/(Delta_(r-1)Delta_(r)).:}(9)Φ=Q1(x)Q1(y)Δ0Δ1+Q2(x)Q2(y)Δ1Δ2+…+Qr(x)Qr(y)Δr−1Δr.
În cazul particular al formelor patratice x k = y k x k = y k x_(k)=y_(k)xk=yk, formula precedentă dă formula clasică a lui Jacobi de descompunere a unei forme patratice într-o sumă de patrate
(10) ∑ i , k = 1 n a i k x i x k = Q 1 2 ( x ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 2 ( x ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r 2 ( x ) Δ r − 1 Δ r (10) ∑ i , k = 1 n   a i k x i x k = Q 1 2 ( x ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 2 ( x ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r 2 ( x ) Δ r − 1 Δ r {:(10)sum_(i,k=1)^(n)a_(ik)x_(i)x_(k)=(Q_(1)^(2)(x))/(Delta_(0)Delta_(1))+(Q_(2)^(2)(x))/(Delta_(1)Delta_(2))+dots+(Q_(r)^(2)(x))/(Delta_(r-1)Delta_(r)):}(10)∑i,k=1naikxixk=Q12(x)Δ0Δ1+Q22(x)Δ1Δ2+…+Qr2(x)Δr−1Δr
Dacă forma bilineară (1) este cu coeficienți şi nedeterminate complexe și în plus hermitică, adică a i k = a k i ― a i k = a k i ¯ a_(ik)= bar(a_(ki))aik=aki―, ea se poate scrie sub forma
Φ 1 = ∑ i , k = 1 n a i k x i ― y k . Φ 1 = ∑ i , k = 1 n   a i k x i ¯ y k . Phi_(1)=sum_(i,k=1)^(n)a_(ik) bar(x_(i))y_(k).Φ1=∑i,k=1naikxi―yk.
Se demonstrează că în acest caz avem
P i ( x ) = Q i ( x ) ― P i ( x ) = Q i ( x ) ¯ P_(i)(x)= bar(Q_(i)(x))Pi(x)=Qi(x)―
şi formula de descompunere (8) devine
Φ 1 = Q 1 ― ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 ( x ) ― Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r ( x ) ― Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r Φ 1 = Q 1 ¯ ( x ) Q 1 ( y ) Δ 0 Δ 1 + Q 2 ( x ) ¯ Q 2 ( y ) Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + Q r ( x ) ¯ Q r ( y ) Δ r − 1 Δ r Phi_(1)=( bar(Q_(1))(x)Q_(1)(y))/(Delta_(0)Delta_(1))+( bar(Q_(2)(x))Q_(2)(y))/(Delta_(1)Delta_(2))+dots+( bar(Q_(r)(x))Q_(r)(y))/(Delta_(r-1)Delta_(r))Φ1=Q1―(x)Q1(y)Δ0Δ1+Q2(x)―Q2(y)Δ1Δ2+…+Qr(x)―Qr(y)Δr−1Δr
determinanții Δ i Δ i Delta_(i)Δi fiind reali.
Cînd x i = y i x i = y i x_(i)=y_(i)xi=yi, formula precedentă dă descompunerea unei forme patratice hermitice într-o sumă de patrate
(11) ∑ i , k = 1 n a l k x ¯ i x k = | Q 1 ( x ) | 2 Δ 0 Δ 1 + | Q 2 ( x ) | 2 Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + | Q r ( x ) | 2 Δ r − 1 Δ r . (11) ∑ i , k = 1 n   a l k x ¯ i x k = | Q 1 ( x ) | 2 Δ 0 Δ 1 + | Q 2 ( x ) | 2 Δ 1 Δ 2 + … + | Q r ( x ) | 2 Δ r − 1 Δ r . {:(11)sum_(i,k=1)^(n)a_(lk) bar(x)_(i)x_(k)=(|Q_(1)(x)|^(2))/(Delta_(0)Delta_(1))+(|Q_(2)(x)|^(2))/(Delta_(1)Delta_(2))+dots+(|Q_(r)(x)|^(2))/(Delta_(r-1)Delta_(r)).:}(11)∑i,k=1nalkx¯ixk=|Q1(x)|2Δ0Δ1+|Q2(x)|2Δ1Δ2+…+|Qr(x)|2Δr−1Δr.

BIBLIO GRAFIE

  1. A1tman M., A generalisation of Jacobi's method for bilinear forms. Bull. de l'Acad. Polon. des Sci., 1957, tom. V, p. 99-104.
  2. Ionescu D. V., O identitate importantă şi descompunerea unei forme bilineare într-o sumă de produse. Gazeta matematică şi fizică, Seria A, 1955, p. 303-312 (referat înReterativnîi Jurnal - Matematika, 1957, ref. nr. 1146).
  3. Gantmacher F. R., Teoria matricelor, Moscova, 1953, c. II, p. 28 (trad. litograf. din 1. rusă).

СВЕДЕНИЕ БИЛИНЕИНОЙ ФОРМЫ К КАНОНИЧЕСКОМУ ВИДУ (Краткое содержание)

В одной заметке из Бюллетеня Польской Академии Наук за 1957 г. М. Альтман [1] дал обобщение метода Якобы для билинейных форм. На первой научной сессии Общества математических и физических наук PHP в 1955 г. [2] была представлена работа, содержащая частный случай сведения билинейной формы к коническому виду. В этой заметке приводится новый мегод получения канонической формы.
Сначала доказывается тождество (5) для билинейной формы (1), откуда следует каноническая форма (8), где P ( x ) , Q ( x ) P ( x ) , Q ( x ) P(x),Q(x)P(x),Q(x) и Δ i Δ i Delta_(i)Δi даны формулами (7) и (3). В качестве частного случая получается формула (10), представляющая классическое разложение Якоби для квадратической формы, а также формула (11), представляющая разложение хермитовой квадратической формы в сумму квадратов.

RÉDUCTION D'UNE FORME BILINÉAIRE À UNE FORME CANONIQUE
(Résumé)

Dans une note du Bulletin de 1'Académie polonaise des Sciences, de 1957, M. Altman [1] a donné une généralisation de la méthode de Jacobi pour les formes bilinéaires. Je me permets de signaler que j'ai présenté à la première session scientifique de la Société des Sciences mathématiques et physiques de la R.P.R., en 1955 [2], un travail qui comprend comme cas particulier la réduction d'une forme bilinéaire à une forme canonique, et dans cette note je donne en résumé la méthode que j'ai employée.
On démontre d'abord pour la forme bilinéaire (1), 1'identité (5), d'où résulte la forme canonique (8), les P i ( x ) , Q i ( y ) P i ( x ) , Q i ( y ) P_(i)(x),Q_(i)(y)Pi(x),Qi(y) et Δ i Δ i Delta_(i)Δi étant donrés far les formules (7) et (3). On obtient comme cas particulier la formule (10) qui est 1a décomposition classique de Jacobi de la forme quadratique et la formule (11) qui est la décomposition d'une forme quadratique hermitienne en une somme de carrés.
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1959

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